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Help & Support

Learn how to use FinCalc Pro

Quick Start Guide

Get started with financial calculations
1

Choose a Calculator

Select from TVM (Time Value of Money), Cash Flow, Equity Valuation, Portfolio Optimization, Bonds, Options, Risk Metrics, Loans, or Macroeconomics.

2

Enter Your Parameters

Fill in the required financial parameters like interest rate, periods, cash flows, etc.

3

Calculate & View Results

Click Calculate to see results. Export structured CSV or JSON, or print and save as PDF.

Available Calculators

Overview of each financial tool

TVM Calculator

Time Value of Money - Calculate PV, FV, PMT, NPER, and interest rate.

Cash Flow Analysis

NPV, IRR, and payback period calculations for investment projects.

Stock Valuation

DDM (Dividend Discount Model), CAPM, and WACC calculations.

Portfolio Optimization

Monte Carlo sampling with deterministic baselines for exploring portfolio trade-offs.

Bonds & Fixed Income

Bond price, duration, and convexity calculations using a supplied YTM.

Options Pricing

Black-Scholes-Merton pricing with continuous dividend yield, implied volatility, and Greeks (Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega, Rho).

Risk Metrics

VaR (Value at Risk) and CVaR (Conditional VaR) calculations.

Loan Calculator

EMI calculation with amortization schedules (CPM and CAM methods).

Model assumptions & worked examples

Interpret calculator outputs using the same timing, rate, and statistical conventions as the engine.

TVM, cash flow & loans

Assumptions

  • TVM rates are per period and must use the same unit as NPER. Cash paid out is negative, cash received is positive, and payments occur at period end unless Beginning is selected.
  • Cash-flow item 0 occurs today; later items are one equal period apart. NPV includes item 0. IRR returns one bracketed root, while projects with multiple sign changes can have multiple or no economically useful IRRs. RATE can likewise have more than one mathematically valid solution; TVM reports one numerical root from its iterative search.
  • Loans use a fixed nominal annual rate divided by 12 and whole monthly periods. CPM fixes the payment; CAM fixes principal repayment.

Limitations

  • Convert quoted annual rates to the required periodic rate before using TVM or cash-flow tools.
  • Loan schedules exclude fees, insurance, taxes, prepayments, variable rates, and lender-specific per-row rounding, so they are not payoff statements.

Worked example

TVM: PV = -10,000, rate = 5% per period, NPER = 10, PMT = 0 gives FV = 16,288.95. Cash flows [-1,000, 600, 600] at 10% give NPV = 41.32.

Bonds & fixed income

Assumptions

  • Pricing assumes a plain fixed-rate bond, level coupons, face value repaid at maturity, whole coupon periods, and one supplied YTM compounded at the coupon frequency.
  • Macaulay duration, modified duration, and convexity use the same flat yield and scheduled cash flows as the price.

Limitations

  • No settlement date, accrued interest, clean/dirty price distinction, day-count convention, yield curve, credit/default risk, embedded option, tax, or inflation adjustment is modeled.
  • Duration and convexity are local rate-sensitivity approximations, not a full repricing guarantee for large or non-parallel curve moves.

Worked example

Face value 1,000, 5% annual coupon, 5 years, 4% YTM, and semiannual coupons gives a price of 1,044.91.

Equity valuation

Assumptions

  • CAPM uses one beta and one expected market return. WACC uses supplied market values and a constant tax shield on debt.
  • The Gordon DDM treats D1 as the next-period dividend, assumes perpetual constant growth, and requires the discount rate to exceed growth.

Limitations

  • Outputs are highly sensitive to beta, market premium, capital structure, terminal growth, and discount-rate estimates.
  • The tools do not model multi-stage growth, dilution, distress, issuance costs, country risk, or company-specific cash-flow forecasts.

Worked example

DDM: next dividend D1 = 3.00, required return = 9%, and perpetual growth = 3% gives value = 50.00.

Options & implied volatility

Assumptions

  • Black-Scholes-Merton assumes a European option, lognormal spot dynamics, constant volatility, continuously compounded risk-free and dividend yields, continuous trading, and no arbitrage or transaction costs.
  • Time is in years. Theta is reported per calendar day; Vega and Rho are reported for a one-percentage-point change in volatility or rate.

Limitations

  • No American early exercise, discrete dividend schedule, volatility smile/surface, jumps, stochastic rates, transaction costs, or liquidity effects are modeled.
  • Implied volatility is bounded to the supported 0%-500% domain and is meaningful only under the same BSM assumptions and input units.

Worked example

A one-year European call with spot = strike = 100, risk-free rate = 5%, dividend yield = 2%, and volatility = 20% has price 9.227. Using market price 9.227 returns implied volatility near 20.00%.

Portfolio & risk

Assumptions

  • Portfolio samples are long-only and fully invested. Returns, volatility, and risk-free rate are annual percentages; every asset pair uses the same supplied correlation. Sharpe is (return - risk-free rate) / volatility.
  • VaR and CVaR assume zero-mean normally distributed returns and scale annual volatility by the square root of days / 252. Reported amounts are positive loss magnitudes.
  • Stress scenarios apply fixed 5%, 10%, and 20% declines directly to total portfolio value. They carry no probability and do not use volatility, horizon, or confidence.

Limitations

  • A single equal-correlation input is not a covariance matrix, and random sampling does not prove a global optimum or account for estimation error, turnover, costs, constraints, or rebalancing.
  • Normal VaR can materially understate fat tails, serial dependence, volatility changes, liquidity gaps, and stress losses; it requires independent backtesting and scenario analysis.
  • Fixed stress shocks change aggregate value proportionally; they do not reprice holdings, model nonlinear exposure, correlation breakdown, margin calls, market impact, or recovery paths.

Worked example

With 60% in an 8% return / 15% risk asset, 40% in a 4% return / 5% risk asset, correlation 0.20, and risk-free rate 2%, the portfolio has return 6.40%, risk 9.60%, and Sharpe 0.46. A separate 10% stress on a 100,000 portfolio reports a deterministic 10,000 loss and 90,000 remaining value.

Macroeconomic scenarios

Assumptions

  • Inflation and purchasing-power tools compound a constant rate over the stated years. Real interest uses the exact Fisher relation rather than nominal minus inflation.
  • CPI comparisons assume compatible index baskets and bases. PPP reports foreign-currency units per one domestic-currency unit from the two entered prices.

Limitations

  • These are constant-input scenarios, not inflation, interest-rate, CPI, or exchange-rate forecasts.
  • Actual CPI baskets, taxes, consumption patterns, tradability, capital controls, and transaction costs can make personal inflation and market exchange rates differ from the model.

Worked example

A 5% nominal rate with 3% inflation gives a 1.9417% real rate. At constant 3% inflation, 10,000 of current purchasing power becomes 7,440.94 after 10 years.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does calculation history work?

Calculation history is stored locally in your browser. Each time you perform a calculation, it is saved with a timestamp and inputs. You can access history from the bottom navigation on mobile or from the dedicated History page.

How do I export my calculations?

Click the Export menu button to export CSV or JSON, or open the print dialog for a formatted report. Choose Save as PDF in the print dialog to create a PDF.

How do I change between light and dark mode?

Click the theme toggle button in the header. You can choose Light, Dark, or follow your system preference.

How do I switch languages?

Click the language button in the header to toggle between English and Chinese (中文).

How do I use this on mobile?

The app is fully responsive. On mobile devices, the bottom navigation keeps quick access focused on Home, TVM, Portfolio, and History. Open Home to browse the full calculator directory.

Is my data stored on servers?

No. All calculation history is stored locally in your browser's localStorage. No data is sent to any server. You can export or clear your history at any time from the Settings page.

Contact & Support

For questions, bug reports, or feature requests, please visit our GitHub repository.

github.com/louisgreen0726/financial-calc